-Ukrainian ultra-nationalist party Svoboda (Freedom) and its charismatic leader Oleg Tyagnybok were on course for their best result yet in national elections Sunday which could send shockwaves through the political landscape.
The party was set to win over 12 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections, the Democratic Initiative Foundation said in its exit poll, a result that would place Svoboda in third and give the party a strong position in the new parliament.
Svoboda until now has only made waves in regional elections and its breakthrough into the Verkhovna Rada marks a major success for its hugely controversial policies which have drawn accusations of anti-Semitism and racism.
Tyagnybok, 43, known for his fiery speeches, appears to have broadened his
appeal away from the fringe to a more mainstream electorate tired of voting for the same old personalities.
"Half its electorate are also still radical nationalists but the other half is largely a protest vote," said leading Ukrainian political analyst Volodymyr Fesenko.
"Svoboda is seen as the most radical and bold protest force," he said. Tyagnybok had won only 1.43 percent in the 2010 presidential elections.
Several voters questioned by AFP on election day said they had voted for Svoboda as a strong force against the rule of President Viktor Yanukovych, whose policies some see as anti-Ukrainian.
The party strongly emphasises Ukraine's distinct cultural identity, regards the Soviet rule as an occupation of Ukrainian territory, scorns the Kremlin and plays up the importance of Ukrainian over Russian.
Its popular support is largely drawn from the Ukrainian-speaking west and the party is regarded with huge suspicion in the more pro-Russian east of the country.
But its foes focus on less palatable aspects of the party which include vehemently xenophobic rhetoric and the periodic rants of its leaders against Russians, homosexuals and Jews.
A pillar of the party's ideology is the glorification of the Ukrainian
Insurgent Army (UPA) which fought against Soviet forces in World War II and whose offshoots continued anti-Soviet resistance right up into the 1950s.
Western historians accuse the UPA of collaborating with Nazi forces in World War II and also being complicit in the ethnic cleansing of Poles from what is now Ukrainian territory.
Svoboda was formed in 2004, growing out of a movement that until then had called itself the Social-National party of Ukraine.
In recent years it has attracted attention by being involved in clashes with pro-Russian demonstrators during commemorations for the Soviet World War II victory in May 2011.
The party also organised a march against the Hassidic Jews who arrive in thousands for a pilgrimage in Ukraine every year and opposed a singer of African origin representing Ukraine in this year's Eurovision Song Contest.